Blood pressure warning over long-term paracetamol use
8-02-2022, 14:21

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People with high blood pressure who take paracetamol on prescription could be increasing their risk of heart attacks and strokes, a study suggests.

Doctors should think about the risks and benefits to patients taking it over many months, the University of Edinburgh researchers say.

Taking the painkiller for headaches and fevers is safe, they stress.

Other experts say research in more people over a longer timeframe is needed to confirm the findings.

Paracetamol is widely used around the world as a short-term remedy for aches and pains but also prescribed to manage chronic pain, despite little evidence of its benefit for long-term use.

Half a million people - one out of every 10 - in Scotland were prescribed the painkiller in 2018.

High blood pressure affects one out of every three people in the UK.

The study tracked 110 volunteers, two-thirds of whom were taking drugs for high blood pressure, or hypertension.

In a randomised trial, they were asked to take 1g of paracetamol four times a day for two weeks - a common dose for patients with chronic pain - and then dummy pills, or placebo, for another two weeks.

The trial showed paracetamol increased blood pressure, "one of the most important risk factors for heart attacks and strokes" - much more than a placebo, Edinburgh clinical pharmacologist Prof James Dear said.

The researchers advise doctors to start patients with chronic pain on as low a dose of paracetamol as possible and keep a close eye on those with high blood pressure and at risk of heart disease.

Arthritis is one of the biggest causes of chronic pain in the UK. One charity, Versus Arthritis, said safer medicines to treat pain were needed as well as other help, such as mental health support and encouragement to be physically active.

"If you are concerned about the risks from pain medicines you should speak with a healthcare professional to explore your options." said Dr Benjamin Ellis, consultant rheumatologist at Versus Arthritis.

Lead investigator Dr Iain MacIntyre, clinical pharmacology consultant, at NHS Lothian, said: "This is not about short-term use of paracetamol for headaches or fever, which is, of course, fine."

 

'Many unknowns'

 

Dr Dipender Gill, clinical pharmacology and therapeutics lecturer, at St George's, University of London, said the study, published in the journal Circulation, had found "a small but meaningful increase in blood pressure in a white Scottish population" but "many unknowns remain".

"Firstly, it is not clear whether the observed increase in blood pressure would be sustained with longer term use of paracetamol," he said.

"Secondly, it is not known for certain whether any increase in blood pressure attributable to paracetamol use would lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease."

A large US study previously found a link between long-term paracetamol use and increased risk of heart attacks - but it could not prove one caused the other.

And other smaller studies have been unable to confirm the link.

The Edinburgh team said they could not explain how paracetamol would raise blood pressure but their findings should lead to a review of long-term paracetamol prescriptions.

These were previously considered safer than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory painkillers, such as ibuprofen, which are thought to raise blood pressure in some people.

The British Heart Foundation, which funded the study, said doctors and patients should regularly rethink whether any medication, even something "relatively harmless like paracetamol", was needed.

Dr Richard Francis, from the Stroke Association, said further research in people with normal, healthy blood pressure, over a longer timeframe, was needed "to confirm the risks and benefits of using paracetamol more widely".

 

BBC

Comments: 6
#6   Quinton
      
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#5   Clement
      
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These wanting to protect their hair follicles might take DHT-blocking supplements.

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anabolic hormone (4). Deca Durabolin additionally
fits testosterone, because it requires a lengthy cycle and is a slow-acting steroid.
Dianabol, created by Dr. Ziegler, is much less androgenic than testosterone however more anabolic.
After a person’s first testosterone cycle, the above protocol
could be utilized with greater dosages.
Meanwhile, Anadrol is assessed as a bulking steroid,
typically resulting in significant fluid retention within the offseason. Winstrol suppresses the natural production of testosterone.
Because Stanozolol mimics the results of testosterone, the degrees of similar hormones increase when utilizing Winstrol.

Take observe, you won’t experience these results immediately.
It may even take a month earlier than you begin experiencing shortness of breath and a few gentle chest pains.

After each cycle or period, a Post-Cycle therapy follows.

Testosterone has muscle-building and fat-burning effects (10);
nevertheless, as a result of its anabolic effects are stronger, it's
usually utilized in bulking cycles. We sometimes assess the danger primarily based on the
health of the affected person before deciding whether or not the advantages of
testosterone alternative remedy outweigh the drawbacks.
It requires warning, as testosterone can increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. In scientific research,
we see that men over 65 receiving testosterone may
experience worsened cardiac well being within the brief term.

Nevertheless, long-term use improves cardiac outcomes and reduces the likelihood of mortality (9).
In our experience, customers who continue lifting weights after their testosterone cycle retain the overwhelming majority of their muscle and energy results.

Some of our sufferers have utilized SERMs, like Nolvadex,
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19 May 2025 23:58
#3   Lashawnda
      
Although there’s no knowledge on the subject, he says masturbating or ejaculating earlier than a check in all probability
won’t affect the results. The remainder of your testosterone, free
testosterone, isn’t attached to these proteins, however can as a
substitute circulate and attach to any cell in your body.
A whole testosterone take a look at measures both free testosterone and testosterone that binds to proteins.

A small examine found that complete testosterone ranges
might barely lower after ejaculation. Nevertheless,
the degrees of "free testosterone" — the biologically lively
testosterone — may very well improve in some instances.

One of the commonest myths is that masturbation leads
to a major drop in testosterone levels. Have you ever wondered if that solo session could be shrinking your
muscles or sabotaging your sex drive? Many individuals have questions about the link between masturbation and testosterone.

The psychological effects of intercourse, including emotional bonding and intimacy, differ from these skilled during masturbation. Intercourse often fosters a sense of connection and
emotional satisfaction that may improve total well-being and relationship high quality.
These doctor-formulated capsules enhance hormone levels, efficiency,
power, temper, and immunity. Take two capsules post-meal with milk or water,
preferably in the morning and night. No, there
isn’t sufficient evidence to support that masturbation lowers testosterone concentrations.
Shortly after ejaculation, hormone ranges typically return to their baseline.

Another research published in the Archives of Sexual Habits similarly found no influence on testosterone levels after
ejaculation. Ultimately, understanding the myths and realities surrounding masturbation and testosterone is crucial for selling male well
being and sexual wellness. By being informed, males can make higher decisions about their sexual
well being and well-being. Normal testosterone ranges are essential for
maintaining good health in males.
Subsequently, it can be challenging to isolate the particular results of masturbation on testosterone ranges.

Another examine printed within the "American Journal of Physiology" explored the effects of abstinence on testosterone levels.
The researchers found that abstinence from ejaculation for 3 weeks resulted in a gradual enhance in testosterone
ranges, reaching a peak on the seventh day of abstinence.
Common exercise not only boosts testosterone production but also helps preserve a wholesome body
composition, which is crucial for hormonal steadiness.

One notable examine printed within the Journal
of Zhejiang University SCIENCE A in 2003 examined the consequences of
abstinence on serum testosterone levels in healthy young men. The researchers discovered that abstaining from ejaculation for seven days led
to a peak in serum testosterone levels on the seventh day, adopted by a decline.
This examine has typically been cited as evidence for the advantages of short-term abstinence,
however it’s essential to note that the noticed improve was short-term and never sustained over longer intervals.
In terms of how usually males ought to masturbate to maintain optimal
testosterone levels, there is not a specific frequency that applies to
all people.
If you ever feel that your habits are affecting your well-being, don’t hesitate
to seek assist. It’s essential to encourage further research
and open discussions on the subject of masturbation and hormonal health.
As scientific understanding continues to evolve, we might gain extra precise insights into the complex
relationships between sexual activity, hormones, and total well-being.


There is not any clear scientific consensus on whether abstaining
from masturbation can considerably increase testosterone ranges.
Some research have instructed that abstaining from sexual exercise, together with masturbation, for a brief time period could
result in a brief increase in testosterone ranges.

Nevertheless, these increases are usually modest and should differ from individual
to individual. Total, the impact of abstaining from masturbation on testosterone levels
isn't nicely understood and likely is determined by
various individual components. There is not any scientific evidence to suggest that masturbating decreases testosterone levels.

In truth, some research have discovered that testosterone ranges improve after sexual exercise,
including masturbation. Testosterone levels naturally fluctuate all through the day,
and engaging in sexual exercise can briefly raise levels.



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